Abstract
This study shows an improvement of two types of clay soil brought from different parts of Iraq. The first soil (A) from Al - Zaafaraniya site in Baghdad governorate. The second soil (B) from Garma Ali site in the Al Basra governorate, Iraq. Soft clayey soils were treated by a combination of sulphate resistance Portland cement (PC) and Quicklime (LQ) to modify and stability. PC was added in percentages of 2,4,6,8 and 10%, as well as, LQ was added to 2 and 4%, of dry weight. Laboratory tests to determine specific gravity, Atterbergs limits and standard proctor test were conducted. Also, the main objective of this research is the concentrating on compression ratio (CR), the Rebound (Swelling) ratio (RR) and the stiffness during the modulus of elasticity (Es) for treated and natural soils procreation from consolidation test. The results from laboratory tests shows high ability on the enhancing in terms of reduction in plasticity index (greatly increased workability), reduction in compression ratio (CR), reduction in the Rebound (Swelling) ratio (RR), increase in the modulus of elasticity (Es). The change in moisture-density relationships resulting in lower maximum dry densities, higher optimum water content, and less variation of dry density from the maximum over a much wider range of water contents.
Highlights
The Soft clay soils are late alluvial deposits presumably formed through the 10,000 years covered by their featureless and flat solid ground surface
The addition of 2%LQ and Portland cement (PC) at a maximum value of 10%, resulting in a decrease in liquid limit from % to 41.3 % for soil A and from 58% to % for soil B, plastic limit increased from 21 % to 32 % and from 27 % to 38.6 % in soil A and soil B respectively
The addition of 4%LQ and PC at a maximum value of 10% result in a decrease in liquid limit from 48 % to 40 % for soil A and from 58% to 47.1 % for soil B, plastic limit increased likewise from 21 % to 33.7 % and from 27 % to 40.4 % for soil A and soil B respectively
Summary
The Soft clay soils are late alluvial deposits presumably formed through the 10,000 years covered by their featureless and flat solid ground surface. Brand and Bernard, (1981)[1] identified, such clay by their low undrained shear strength (Cu < 40 Kpa) (B.S.C.P.8004:1986)[2] and high compressibility (CC between 0.19 to 0.44). They are found in high natural moisture content typically ranging from (40 – 60) % with the plasticity index, ranging from (45 – 65) % (Broms, 1987)[3]. Soils with such characteristics create serious problems to geotechnical engineering associated with stability and settlement problems.
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