Comprehensive study of dental orthopedic morbidity in elderly people and the ways to eliminate it

Abstract

Relevance. The social profile of senile people has some differences from other age categories of patients. People of the older age group dream of finding harmony with the outside world, preserving the love of the nearest and dearest and relatives and the opportunity to communicate with the opposite sex. Dental health and the resulting quality of life contributes to this in many ways. A smile, laughter, the ability to talk without feeling embarrassed by splashing saliva, bad breath or visible absence of teeth, taking your favorite food together with the nearest and dearest are the main indicators of their life quality dependent on dental health, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern person High prevalence of dental diseases among senile people cause a high need for making various dental prosthetic structures. Studying dental health of this category of citizens can become a promising area of practical healthcare, a comprehensive study of this issue has determined the relevance and purpose of this publication.Materials and methods. The object of the study was senile people, 75-89 years old, who sought dental orthopedic care in municipal healthcare institutions of Cheboksary, the Chuvash Republic. The sample size was 481 people.Results. It was found that the maximum number of patients in the age group of 75-88 years - 188 persons (39.1%) - had complete absence of teeth, the total number of patients with the first, second, third and fourth classes according to the Kennedy classification of dentition defects was 56 persons (11.6%), 143 persons (29.7%), 79 persons (16.4%), 15 persons (3.2%), respectively. The total number of patients with the first Kennedy subclasses (class 1-3) was 135 persons (33.1%), with the second subclasses – 69 persons (16.9%), with the third subclasses - 53 persons (13.0%). The analysis of dental prosthetic structures mounted in elderly patients showed that the total number of orthopedic structures amounted to 4,615 units, among which there were pin structures - 1,328 units (28.8%); the total number of artificial dental crowns was 1,662 units (36.0%); the total number of prosthetic bridges – 620 units (13.4%); removable laminar dentures in partial loss of teeth – 445 units (9.6%); clasp prostheses – 184 units (4.1%); removable laminar dentures in complete loss of teeth – 376 units (8.1%).Conclusions. All types of dental orthopedic diseases are commonly found in patients of senile age, they had all kinds of dental prosthetic structures made. The choice of the dental prosthetic design used in orthopedic dental rehabilitation was determined by the type of dentition defect and met the principles of rational prosthetics.