Comprehensive review of laryngeal nerve

Abstract

The laryngeal nerve plays a crucial role in vital functions of the larynx, such as breathing, phonation, and airway protection. This review explores its intricate origination, extracranial pathways, anatomical variations, and functions. Emerging from the vagus nerve, it descends through the jugular foramen, exhibiting distinct pathways on each side of the body. Understanding these pathways is vital in surgery to prevent complications. Anatomical variations, including the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and extralaryngeal branching, pose challenges during thyroid surgery. Surgeons must be vigilant, as failure to recognize these variations can lead to nerve injuries. Meticulous preoperative evaluation and surgical expertise are essential. The superior laryngeal nerve triggers protective reflexes like the cough reflex, safeguarding the respiratory tract. The recurrent laryngeal nerve controls crucial laryngeal muscles for phonation and respiration. Understanding these functions is paramount, especially for surgeons, ensuring optimal patient outcomes. In conclusion, this review underscores the laryngeal nerve's complexity and the need for in-depth knowledge, particularly in surgery. Ongoing research and medical advancements are crucial for refining techniques and enhancing patient care. Acknowledging these complexities empowers medical surgeons contributing to safer and more effective surgeries.