Abstract
In recent years, urban flooding occurred frequently because of extreme rainstorms. Sponge city construction can effectively mitigate urban flooding and improve urban rainwater utilization. Low-impact development (LID) is regarded as a sustainable solution for urban stormwater management. In this project, a comprehensive evaluation system was developed based on environmental and economic benefits using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The performance of four LID scenarios with the same locations but different sizes of green roof, permeable pavement, concave greenbelt, and rain garden were analyzed in the Sucheng district of Jiangsu province in China. Results illustrate that the green roof performed best in reducing runoff, while the rain garden performed worst. The LID combination scenario (1) that contained more green roof, permeable pavement, and concave greenbelt facilities, but fewer rain gardens had the better comprehensive performance on the basis of environmental and economic benefits. The combined scenario (2) (LID proportion of maximum construction area was 40%) could also be an alternative. This study provides a guide to optimize LID layouts for sponge city construction, which can also provide optimal selection for other sponge city constructions.
Highlights
In recent years, high-speed urbanization led to a rapid increase in the impervious area of the surface, and the natural hydrologic cycle changed greatly [1,2]
To the Low-impact development (LID) proportion of maximum construction area in 24 scenarios, the results suggested that the comprehensive benefits would improve with a larger area of green roofs, permeable pavements, and concave greenbelts, but a smaller area of rain gardens
The utilization of LID measures is increasingly important for sponge city construction
Summary
High-speed urbanization led to a rapid increase in the impervious area of the surface, and the natural hydrologic cycle changed greatly [1,2]. Due to these changes, urban flooding and runoff pollution occur frequently, which are caused by extreme climate events [3,4]. China is a society with severe urban flooding problems, and damages caused by flooding are exponentially increasing [5]. America and Europe previously rapidly urbanized, they faced and addressed stormwater problems earlier than China [7]. Urban drainage systems aim at draining surface runoff out of urban areas
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