Comprehensive investigations of (Au-Ag/Blood and Cu-Fe3O4/Blood) hybrid nanofluid over two rotating disks: Numerical and computational approach

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to investigate the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a hybrid nanofluid within two parallel discs. We combine gold Au, silver Ag, copper Cu, and iron oxide Fe3O4 nanoparticles with base fluid blood in this framework. An appropriate similarity variables technique is implemented to transform partial differential systems into ordinary systems. In the results validation section, the numerical result is evaluated using a higher-order precise algorithm (bvp4c), and determined to the analytical result is by making use of the firing approach. Pictorial judgments revealed the estimates of several physical variables that arise over the momentum distribution and thermal distribution profiles. As compared to nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid significantly improves heat transfer rate. The thermal profile is improved when the Brinkman number increases in value. As the porosity parameter is increased, the velocity profile decreases. As the amplitude of the rotation parameter increases, so does the pressure profile. The Darcy-Forchheimer medium investigation of a hybrid nano-fluid streaming through the middle of two parallel disks is addressed, taking into account viscous dissipation and heat radiation for various nanoparticles. Additionally, enough agreement is observed when the numerical findings are compared to previously reported and analytical data. As compared to simple nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids have shown higher thermal properties and stability, making them attractive candidates for thermal applications such as solar thermal systems, automotive cooling systems, heat sinks, engineering, medical fields, or thermal energy storage.