Abstract
The resource, environment, and ecological value of drinking reservoirs have received widespread concerns due to the pollution of persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Therefore, we comprehensively studied the occurrence, source, distribution, and risk assessment of representative PAHs in Fengshuba Reservoir (FSBR) (large drinking reservoir, China). The total concentrations of 16 USEPA PAHs in the water phase, porewater phase, sediment phase, and soil phase were in ranges of 109.72-393.19 ng/L, 5.75-35.15 μg/L, 364.4-743.71 μg/kg, and 367.81-639.89 μg/kg, respectively. The naphthalene (Nap) was the dominant PAHs in the water phase, while it was Nap and phenanthrene (Phe) in porewater, sediment, and soil phase. The main sources of PAHs in FSBR were biomass combustion. Redundancy analysis indicated that the NTU, NO2-, NH4+, Chl-α, and IC were the dominant factors influencing the PAH distribution in water phase, and the PAHs in sediment phase was affected by T and NO3-. Pseudo-partitioning coefficients indicated that the PAHs in the porewater phase were more likely to migrate to the sediment phase. Risk assessment indicated that the PAHs both in the water and sediment phases were generally in a low-risk state, while the PAHs in the soil phase were in a moderate-risk state, and the Nap was in a high-risk state, and exposure to the PAHs in FSBR through drinking and skin exposure had little impact on consumers' health. In summary, Nap could be used as a key indicator to evaluate the existence and potential risk of PAHs in FSBR.
Highlights
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants that contain two or more fused rings (Cao et al, 2017, El-Saeid et al, 2015), and are widely present in various environmental media (Han et al, 2019, Saeedi et al, 2012, Mojiri et al, 2019, Bianco et al, 2020)
The purpose of this study is to systematically explore the occurrence, source, and distribution of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water phase, porewater phase, sediment phase and soil phase in Fengshuba Reservoir (FSBR), and at the same time to evaluate the risks of the PAHs in water phase and solid phase of the reservoir to ecology and human health
Other environmental parameters were measured according to the national standard methods: dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total phosphorus
Summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants that contain two or more fused rings (Cao et al, 2017, El-Saeid et al, 2015), and are widely present in various environmental media (Han et al, 2019, Saeedi et al, 2012, Mojiri et al, 2019, Bianco et al, 2020) Due to their carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity and the ability to migrate over long distances (He et al, 2020, Tobiszewski and Namiesnik, 2012), PAHs has attracted much attention for the harm to ecological environment and human health (Lu et al, 2019). These studies contribute to a better understanding of the PAHs environmental behavior in reservoir systems and are expected to enrich the study of the PAHs in the water environment
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