Comprehensive gene expression analysis in gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells of dogs with gallbladder mucocele.

Abstract

Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common disease in the canine gallbladder. Although the pathogenesis of GBM remains unclear, we recently reported that the excessive accumulation of mucin in the gallbladder is not a result of overproduction by gallbladder epithelial cells (GBECs). Changes in the function of GBECs other than the production of mucin are associated with the pathogenesis of GBM. We performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to comprehensively search for abnormalities in gene expression profiles of GBECs in dogs with GBM. Fifteen dogs with GBM and 8 dogs euthanized for reasons other than gallbladder disease were included. The GBECs were isolated from gallbladder tissues to extract RNA. The RNA-seq analysis was performed using the samples from 3 GBM cases and 3 dogs with normal gallbladders, and the gene expression profiles were compared between the 2 groups. Differences in mRNA expression levels of the extracted differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using samples of 15 GBM cases and 8 dogs with normal gallbladders. Comparison of gene expression profiles by RNA-seq extracted 367 DEGs, including ANO1, a chloride channel associated with changes in mucin morphology, and HTR4, which regulates the function of chloride channels. The ANO1 and HTR4 genes were confirmed to be downregulated in the GBM group by RT-qPCR. Our results suggest that GBM may be associated with decreased function of chloride channels expressed in GBECs.