Abstract
BackgroundPreeclampsia is a complication during pregnancy characterised by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks of gestation. Dyslipidemia in pregnancy is correlated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. However, the dynamic changes in lipid metabolic product, particularly fatty acid fraction, in preeclampsia maternal circulation, are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate fatty acid fraction in preeclampsia maternal blood compared with normotensive normal pregnancy.MethodsA total of 34 women who developed preeclampsia and 32 women with normotensive normal pregnancy were included in our case-control study. Maternal blood samples were collected for serum fatty acid fractions analysis and other biochemical parameters. Serum fatty acid fractions included long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), saturated fatty acid, and total fatty acid, measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean difference of fatty acid level was analysed using parametric and non-parametric bivariate analysis based on normality distributed data, while the risk of preeclampsia based on fatty acid fraction was analysed using a logistic regression model.ResultsWomen with preeclampsia have lower high-density lipoprotein (53.97 ± 12.82 mg/dL vs. 63.71 ± 15.20 mg/dL, p = 0.006), higher triglyceride (284.91 ± 97.68 mg/dL vs. 232.84 ± 73.69 mg/dL, p = 0.018) than that in the normotensive group. Higher palmitoleic acid was found in women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive normal pregnancy (422.94 ± 195.99 vs. 325.71 ± 111.03 μmol/L, p = 0.037). The binary logistic regression model showed that pregnant women who had total omega-3 levels within the reference values had a higher risk of suffering preeclampsia than those with the higher reference value (odds ratio OR (95% CI): 8,5 (1.51–48.07), p = 0.015). Pregnant women who have saturated fatty acid within reference values had a lower risk for suffering preeclampsia than those in upper reference value (OR (95% CI): 0.21 (0.52–0.88), p = 0.032).ConclusionOverall, palmitoleic acid was higher in women with preeclampsia. Further analysis indicated that reference omega-3 in and high saturated fatty acid serum levels are characteristics of women with preeclampsia.
Highlights
Preeclampsia is a disorder that develops during pregnancy characterised by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and can rapidlyHerlambang et al BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2022) 22:8 progress to severe complications, including maternal and fetal mortality [1, 2]
This study aimed to investigate fatty acid fraction in preeclampsia maternal blood compared with normotensive pregnancy
The total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were slightly different between the preeclampsia and normotensive group
Summary
Preeclampsia is a disorder that develops during pregnancy characterised by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and can rapidlyHerlambang et al BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2022) 22:8 progress to severe complications, including maternal and fetal mortality [1, 2]. The catabolic state of fatty acid by higher lipolysis due to the rapid growth of fetal development normally occurs during the third semester of pregnancy. This catabolic state is higher in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy, causing hyperlipidemia This hyperlipidemia enhances oxidative stress and inflammation and leads to endothelial dysfunction [5,6,7]. An in vitro study reported an increased lipid droplet accumulation in endothelial cells, conditioned with maternal plasma and replicated after exposure to free fatty acid at the combined concentration, defining preeclampsia. This process enhanced cell apoptosis through a significant decrease of mitochondrial dehydrogenase [8]. This study aimed to investigate fatty acid fraction in preeclampsia maternal blood compared with normotensive normal pregnancy
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