Comprehensive Analysis of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases Gene Family and Its Expression in Response to Abiotic Stress in Poplar.

Hui Wei,Shiwei Liu,Jian Zhang,Fei Zhong,Chunmei Yu,Yanhong Chen,Ali Movahedi,Guoyuan Liu,Yixin Li

doi:10.3390/ijms23031418

Abstract

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) catalyzes the cleavage of various carotenoids into smaller apocarotenoids which are essential for plant growth and development and response to abiotic stresses. CCD family is divided into two subfamilies: 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCED) family and CCD family. A better knowledge of carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation could be useful for regulating carotenoid contents. Here, 23 CCD genes were identified from the Populus trichocarpa genome, and their characterizations and expression profiling were validated. The PtCCD members were divided into PtCCD and PtNCED subfamilies. The PtCCD family contained the PtCCD1, 4, 7, and 8 classes. The PtCCDs clustered in the same clade shared similar intron/exon structures and motif compositions and distributions. In addition, the tandem and segmental duplications resulted in the PtCCD gene expansion based on the collinearity analysis. An additional integrated collinearity analysis among poplar, Arabidopsis, rice, and willow revealed the gene pairs between poplar and willow more than that between poplar and rice. Identifying tissue-special expression patterns indicated that PtCCD genes display different expression patterns in leaves, stems, and roots. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and abiotic stress suggested that many PtCCD genes are responsive to osmotic stress regarding the comprehensive regulation networks. The genome-wide identification of PtCCD genes may provide the foundation for further exploring the putative regulation mechanism on osmotic stress and benefit poplar molecular breeding.

Highlights

Terpenoids consist of various primary and secondary metabolites that function in all living organisms
Potri.T074400 and Potri.T167700 remained on scaffolds, which were not spliced with the poplar chromosome, so Potri.T074400 and Potri.T167700 were abandoned for analysis
The se genes were divided into PtCCD1, PtCCD4, PtCCD7, PtCCD8, and PtNCED classes based on the molecular phylogenetic tree

Summary

Introduction

Terpenoids consist of various primary and secondary metabolites that function in all living organisms Carotenoids and their apocarotenoids, considered C40 isoprenoids, participate in multiple essential biological functions in plants and animals [1,2]. ABA, known as a stress hormone, plays a vital role in regulating various physiological and developmental processes It can act as a growth inhibitor to intervene in biological processes such as plant flowering [8], fruit maturation [9], and seed dormancy [10], and directly responds to drought, salt, and low temperature through the ABA signal transduction pathway including mediation of stress-resistant genes expression [11], reducing transpiration [12,13], and inducing stomatal closure [14,15]

Methods

Results

Conclusion