Abstract
The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) gene family in plants comprises two subfamilies: CCD and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Genes in the NCED subfamily are mainly involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses such as salt, low temperature, and drought. Members of the NCED subfamily are the most important rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA). In the present study, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify CCD gene members in six Cucurbitaceae species, including watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (C.sativus), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). A total of 10, 9, 9, 13, 8, 8 CCD genes were identified in the six species, respectively, and these genes were unevenly distributed in different chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CCD genes of the six species clustered into two subfamilies: CCD and NCED, with five and three independent clades, respectively. The number of exons ranged from 1 to 15, and the number of motifs were set to 15 at most. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that a lot of the cis-acting elements were implicated in stress and hormone response. Melon seedlings were treated with salt, low temperature, drought, and ABA, and then tissue-specific analysis of CCDs expression were performed on the root, stem, upper leaf, middle leaf, female flower, male flower, and tendril of melon. The results showed that genes in CCD family exhibited various expression patterns. Different CCD genes of melon showed different degrees of response to abiotic stress. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of CCD gene family in six species of Cucurbitaceae, providing a strong foundation for future studies on specific genes in this family.
Highlights
IntroductionCarotenoid is a terpenoid that is a fat-soluble pigment widely distributed in nature
Carotenoid is a terpenoid that is a fat-soluble pigment widely distributed in nature.Carotenoid is present in a large number of plants and is responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors of fruits and flowers
The results showed 10, 9, 9, 13, 8 and 8 carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) protein sequences in watermelon (C. lanatus), melon (C. melo), cucumber (C. sativus), pumpkin (C. moschata), bottle gourd (L. siceraria), and wax gourd (B. hispida), respectively (Table 1)
Summary
Carotenoid is a terpenoid that is a fat-soluble pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoid is present in a large number of plants and is responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors of fruits and flowers. Carotenoid is an isopentene-like polymer containing carbons. It has a conjugated double bond chain and absorbs light in the UV and blue light range [1,2]. The color of carotenoids varies with the number of conjugated double bonds [3]. Carotenoids mainly exist in the chloroplasts and colored body membranes, and form binding proteins with chlorophyll, which are responsible for the function of light absorption as auxiliary pigments in photosynthesis [5,6]
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