Abstract
The ahead geological prospecting of severely weathered surrounding rock in a tunnel is challenging due to complex geological conditions. Hence, the best approach is to use a variety of geophysical exploration methods. In this study, we have applied seismic, electrical resistivity (ER), and transient electromagnetic (TEM) methodologies for ahead prospecting of the highly weathered and complex surrounding rock at the diversion tunnel of the Hongyan River to Stone River Water Transfer Project in Shaanxi Province, China. The seismic method was employed to detect structural information for an area of 100 m from the front of the tunnel, the TEM method was used to obtain the resistivity information within 60 m, and the ER method was conducted to obtain detailed resistivity information over a range of 30 m. The integrated results generated a comprehensive interpretation of the geological body located within 100 m of the front of the tunnel. We divided this geological area into intact, severely weathered, and slightly weathered sections. Information on the water content of each section was also produced. The results of subsequent excavations are consistent with our results, proving the effectiveness and feasibility of a comprehensive approach for analyzing highly weathered and complex surrounding rock.
Highlights
Water resources are critical for the development of human society
Geophysical detection constitutes a fast, low-cost, and effective method and has been widely used in advanced tunnel detection [5,6,7,8]. e seismic detection method is based on the propagation laws for elastic waves in geological bodies. It allows detection over long distances, is sensitive to lithological interfaces, and has been widely applied in oil and gas exploration [9, 10]. This method has been successfully utilized in engineering geophysical prospecting, including in tunnel construction [11,12,13,14]. e transient electromagnetic (TEM) method provides another useful geophysical detection method. is determines the distribution of geological features in the Advances in Civil Engineering detection area by observing the secondary magnetic field generated by pulsed magnetic field excitation
Its high sensitivity to low-resistance anomalies enables wide application of the TEM method in explorations for mineral and water resources [15,16,17,18]. e electrical resistivity (ER) method detects the distribution of geological features by observing the electric field resulting from a constant current source and the electrical differences of the medium. is method is an effective tool for investigating the hydrogeological characteristics of subsurface materials [19,20,21,22,23,24]
Summary
Water resources are critical for the development of human society. various factors, such as climate and geography, can lead to the uneven distribution of water resources both temporally and spatially, which hinders development in areas where water is scarce [1, 2]. E seismic detection method is based on the propagation laws for elastic waves in geological bodies It allows detection over long distances, is sensitive to lithological interfaces, and has been widely applied in oil and gas exploration [9, 10]. This method has been successfully utilized in engineering geophysical prospecting, including in tunnel construction [11,12,13,14]. This technique has frequently been applied in ahead prospecting for tunnel construction [25, 26]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
