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Abstract
Soil analysis is used to estimate nutrient availability, but nutrient concentrations are not always related to yield in most fruit plants, including grapevines. Thus, additional multivariate mathematical models, such as the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND), which takes into account leaves nutrient concentration, and yield, can contribute to estimating critical levels or sufficiency bands of elements, as well as to detect deficiency and/or excess of nutrients. The aim of the present study was to establish CND standards, and the critical level and sufficiency band of nutrients, in the grapevine Vitis vinifera L., grown in a subtropical climate region. Leaves were collected in 81 vineyards in the Campanha Gaúcha do Rio Grande do Sul region, Southern Brazil, and analyzed for macro- and micro-nutrient concentration. The yield of each vineyard was assessed. Grapevine nutritional status was calculated through the CND method. CND-r2 indices were effective in establishing the nutritional status of grapevines for macro- and micro-nutrients as sub-optimal, excessive, or balanced. The CND methodology established the critical level and sufficiency bands of nutrients more accurately than the current recommendations for grapevines. Multi-nutrient associations were more effective than the single nutrient determination in defining the threshold of a given nutrient that can reduce grapevine yield.
Highlights
Viticulture is a highly profitable agricultural activity, winegrowers’ financial sustainability depends on good yield and on the high quality of the harvested products
The database comprised 81 commercial vineyards focused on grape crops for wine production, it held yield results and leaf nutrient concentrations that have presented yield variations ranging from 69 to 0.4 t ha−1, a mean of 14 t ha−1, and a standard deviation of 12 t ha−1
The correlation matrix was initially used to explore the results in order to assess the correlation and the appropriate coefficient of determination between isolated nutrient concentration and yield
Summary
Viticulture is a highly profitable agricultural activity, winegrowers’ financial sustainability depends on good yield and on the high quality of the harvested products. These features are determined by several factors, among them, plant nutritional balance and soil fertilization. Soil analysis is globally used to estimate nutrient availability; the recorded values are mainly related to culture growth and yield parameters [3,4]. It is essential carrying out leaf analysis for perennial fruit plants, such as grapevines, rather than soil analysis alone. Leaf collection is suggested at full flowering or at berry veraison [8]
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