Abstract
Simple SummaryOur findings revealed significant influences of lactation stage on goat milk microbial and functional composition both in colostrum and mature milk. Microbial communities which were found in colostrum and mature milk could potentially establish goat kids’ gut microbiota and have an influence on the development of microbial components that provide potential health promotion effects in goats.Goat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30 healthy Saanen dairy goats. The 30 samples comprised 15 colostrum and 15 mature milk samples, collected from three different farms of Shaanxi Province. Colostrum samples were collected daily for five days post-delivery and mature milk was collected on the 7th, 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th days. The result showed that microbial alpha diversity was higher in the mature milk compared with that in the colostrum. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was performed to detect differentially abundant taxa in colostrum and goat milk. According to taxonomy results, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the predominant bacteria phyla in both colostrum and mature milk. In addition, lactation stage noticeably influenced the composition of milk microbiota. Specifically, Novosphingobium, Brachybacterium, Psychrobacter, Lactobacillus, Yersinia, Roseateles, Rothia, Sanguibacter, Cloacibacterium, Variovorax, Sphingobacterium, and Coxiella were enriched in the colostrum, while Georgenia, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroidales, Yaniella, Planomicrobium, Cloacibacterium, Azospirillum, Turicibacter, Cupriavidus, Herbaspirillum, Rhodobacteraceae, and Aeromonadales were the dominant genera in the mature milk. The enriched metabolic functions of the goat milk microbiota were predicted by PICRUSt and classified by KEGG pathway. Moreover, the abundances of environmental information processing, cellular processes pathway, genetic information processing pathway, organismal systems pathway, and metabolism pathway were significantly different between microbiota of colostrum and mature milk. Altogether, our study disclosed the significant difference between the microbial communities of colostrum and mature milk and provided grounds for further research in dairy microbiology.
Highlights
Goat milk production accounts for about 2.1% of global milk production
All these reads were classified into 15,430 Operational taxonomic unit (OTU), which were used for downstream analyses
We focused on taxonomic compositions and taxonomic differences of the relatively abundant bacteria obtained from the 16S Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences from colostrum and mature milk samples
Summary
Goat milk production accounts for about 2.1% of global milk production. About 95% of the world’s goat population is located in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Asia accounts for approximately 60% of the total goat population [1]. Goat milk production in China rose from. 54,000 tons in 1969 to 223,134 tons by 2018 at a remarkable yearly average rate of 3.31% Province possesses the largest storage facility for goat milk. Goat milk contains relatively less lactose and fat but is rich in calcium, antimicrobial factors, antioxidants, and other functional components that are essential for the health of human beings [3]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
