Abstract
There has been significant interest in soybean oil, fatty acid, and sugar composition to develop new value-added soybean products. Thus, compositional analysis is critical for developing value-added soybeans. In the present study, we showed simple screening tools (near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)) coupled with multivariate analysis for the sample classification of 14 soybeans as a proof-of-concept. We further determined major non-polar and polar metabolites responsible for differences between different soybeans using gas and ion chromatography. These differences in soybean profiles were attributed to lower levels of total oil content in wild soybeans (~9%) versus cultivated soybeans (16%–22%). In addition, higher levels of linolenic acid (~17%) and stachyose (~53%) were determined in wild type, whereas higher levels of oleic acid (~19%) and sucrose (~59%) were detected in cultivated soybeans. Interestingly, one cultivated soybean had a desirable sugar profile with a high amount of sucrose (86%) and a low abundance of stachyose (9%). The correlation studies showed a positive correlation between oil and soluble sugars (R2 = 0.80) and negative correlations between methyl linolenate and soluble sugars (R2 = −0.79), oil (R2 = −0.94), and methyl oleate (R2 = −0.94) content. Both polar and non-polar metabolites showed significant differences in wild and cultivated soybeans.
Highlights
We firstly investigated if rapid screening methods, namely near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), coupled with multivariate analysis for rapid classification of 14 soybean samples
The hierarchical cluster analysis of the first derivative of the NIR spectral absorption data followed by normalization and distance to K-nearest preprocessing method showed two distinct clusters, one for the wild soybeans (G. soja, S3, S12–S14) and another for cultivated soybeans (G. max, S1, S2, S4–S11) for all three replicate spectral fingerprints (Figure 1B)
Similar results were obtained with principal component analysis (PCA) analysis of the first derivative of the NIR spectral absorption data followed by normalization for all three replicates
Summary
About 360 million metric tons of soybean have been produced across the globe in 2018 [1]. The United States is the world’s leading soybean producer, accounting for approximately over one-third (worth of about $40,000 million dollars) of total global production [1]. Soybean has been an important source of food and animal feed owing to its protein, oil, and carbohydrate content [2]. Soybean-based foods and food products account for 30% and. 69% of dietary oil and protein, respectively [3]. Soybean seeds generally contain about 40% protein, 35% carbohydrate, 20% oil, and 5% ash and other phytochemicals [2,4].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
