Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Biological Activities of Lantana camara Essential Oils from Côte d'Ivoire.

Georges C Lognay,Manon Genva,Zanahi Félix Tonzibo,Yves Brostaux,Didjour Albert Kambiré,Evelyne Amenan Tanoh,Esse Leon Wognin,Félix Tomi,Fatimata Nea,Henri Martin,Marie-Laure Fauconnier

doi:10.3390/molecules25102400

Abstract

This work aims to study the variations in the composition of Lantana camara leaf, flower, and stem essential oils over two years. L. camara organs were harvested in Bregbo (East Côte d’Ivoire) each month from June 2015 to June 2017. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS and 13C NMR. Eighty-four compounds accounting for 84.4–99.1% of the essential oils have been identified. The essential oils hydrodistillated from L. camara are dominated by sesquiterpenes such as (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-humulene, which were found in all samples. Some monoterpenes such as thymol, sabinene, and α-pinene were also present. Statistical analysis (principal component analysis and clustering) revealed a high variability in essential oil composition between the different organs and also within the studied periods, as the thymol proportion was higher during flowering and fruiting months. In addition, the stem, flower, and fruit essential oils were more concentrated in thymol than the leaf essential oils. The proportions of (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-humulene were strictly inverted with the thymol proportion throughout the harvest period or vegetative cycle. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities of leaves and flowers essential oils were also studied. Results showed that L. camara leaf and flower essential oils displayed high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities.

Highlights

Lantana camara Lin (L. camara, Verbenaceae) is an invasive weed present in many countries [1,2,3].This thorny shrub grows from 2 to 5 m high; its ripe fruits are blackish and its flowers are found in a Molecules 2020, 25, 2400; doi:10.3390/molecules25102400 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesMolecules 2020, 25, 2400 variety of colors, with its flowering and fruiting seasons occurring almost year-round [4]
It should be noted that, at a given season, L. camara harvesting led to very low quantities of plant materials, which did not allow an accurate quantification of the essential oil yields
L. camara is a plant widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous afflictions

Summary

Introduction

Lantana camara Lin (L. camara, Verbenaceae) is an invasive weed present in many countries [1,2,3].This thorny shrub grows from 2 to 5 m high; its ripe fruits are blackish and its flowers are found in a Molecules 2020, 25, 2400; doi:10.3390/molecules25102400 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesMolecules 2020, 25, 2400 variety of colors, with its flowering and fruiting seasons occurring almost year-round [4]. Lantana camara Lin (L. camara, Verbenaceae) is an invasive weed present in many countries [1,2,3] This thorny shrub grows from 2 to 5 m high; its ripe fruits are blackish and its flowers are found in a Molecules 2020, 25, 2400; doi:10.3390/molecules25102400 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules. Different solvent extracts produced from L. camara have already been studied, showing the occurrence of flavonoids, triterpenes, and glycosides [5] These extracts and compounds were described as having interesting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory [11,12,13], antibacterial, cytotoxic, antifungal, anthelmintic [14,15,16,17,18], and insecticidal properties [19,20]. Some monoterpenes were found in high proportions, such as thymol, sabinene, and limonene [24,25,26]

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