Abstract
The plant kingdom contains a very wide variety of bioactive molecules such as phenolic compounds, terpenes and alkaloids that can exhibit antioxidant properties. The objective of the present study was to determine the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant potential of Combretum micranthum G. Don leaf extracts. After botanical identification according to their organoleptic characters, leaf powder samples were submitted to phytochemical screening carried out by the characterization reactions. Also, the contents of phytochemical groups were determined by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts was determined by three methods: ferric ion reducing power method and free radical scavenging methods with 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The phytochemical screening showed the presence, in appreciable amount, of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, sterols/triterpenes and saponosides in the samples. Leucoantocyanins, oses/holosides, coumarins and mucilages were found in low quantities with samples from Senegal showing the highest levels. The phytochemical group contents were: 1.127 ± 0.058 to 2.671 ± 0.031 μg/mg for alkaloids, 27.171 ± 0.005 to 48.586 ± 0.019 mg equivalent of gallic acid per gram for polyphenols, 0.713 ± 0.049 to 1.978 ± 0.068 mg equivalent of quercetin per gram dry matter for total flavonoids, 21.122 ± 0.008 to 42.024 ± 0.056 mg equivalent of tannic acid per gram for hydrolyzable tannins and 1.129 ± 0.018 to 4.354 ± 0.043 mg equivalent of catechin per gram dry matter for condensed tannins. The greatest antioxidant potential was observed with sample from Mali with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 502.19 ± 4.12; 6.54 ± 2.67; 491.38 ± 11.19 μg/mL respectively by DPPH•, ABTS+• and FRAP methods. This study revealed the presence of a variety of phytochemicals in leaf extracts of Combretum micranthum G.Don with high content of phenolic compounds which can be subsequently correlated to antioxidant potential of this plant.
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