Composition of time in movement behaviors and weight change in Latinx, Black and white participants.

Erika Rees-Punia,Alpa V Patel,Susan M Gapstur,Mark A Guinter,Ying Wang,Sze Yan Liu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244566

Abstract

The relationship between time-use behaviors and prospective weight change is poorly understood. A subset of Cancer Prevention Study-3 participants (n = 549, 58% women, 66% non-Latinx white) self-reported weight in 2015 and 2018 and completed an accelerometer protocol for seven days. Sedentary time, sleep, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity (PA) were treated as a compositional variable and multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between activity composition and weight change stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used to quantify change in weight associated with reallocating 30 min./day. Activity composition was associated with weight change among women (p = 0.007), but not men (p = 0.356), and among Latinx (p = 0.032) and white participants (p = 0.001), but not Black participants (p = 0.903). Replacement of 30 min./day sedentary time with moderate-vigorous PA was associated with 3.49 lbs. loss (-6.76, -0.22) in Latinx participants and replacement with sleep was associated with 1.52 (0.25, 2.79) and 1.31 (0.40, 2.21) lbs. gain in white women and men. The distribution of time spent in daily behaviors was associated with three-year weight change in women, Latinx, and white participants. This was the first longitudinal compositional study of weight change; thus, more studies are needed.

Highlights

Research supports that physical activity [1], sedentary behavior [2, 3], and sleep [4] may be “independently” associated with the development of overweight or obesity
All models are adjusted for age, race/ethnicity or sex, average kcal/day (FFQ estimate), comorbidity score, and height
Analysis with the compositional isotemporal substitution framework led to the finding that replacing 30 minutes/ day of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with modest weight loss in Latinx participants and replacing 30 minutes/day of sedentary time with sleep was associated with modest weight gain in white men and women

Summary

Introduction

Research supports that physical activity [1], sedentary behavior [2, 3], and sleep [4] may be “independently” associated with the development of overweight or obesity. To better understand the relationships between the distribution of time-use behaviors and weight without ignoring their compositional and constrained nature, the associations between physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, and weight change should be studied relative to each other, rather than in isolation or with partial adjustment for the other behaviors. Among the few prior studies using compositional analyses to explore associations with weight status or body composition, all are cross-sectional [11,12,13,14,15], and many include only children [11, 13,14,15] This has left gaps in our understanding of the associations between healthful time-use and longitudinal weight change, especially among adult men and women (who may experience differing weight change responses to physical activity in a real-world setting) of various racial/ethnic backgrounds [16]. The relationship between time-use behaviors and prospective weight change is poorly understood

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