Composition and quality of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed oil depending on the extraction method

Abstract

This study analysed the impact of method of poppy seed lipid extraction (cold pressing, Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 and CO2 with 10% of acetone, ethanol, or ethyl acetate as co-solvents) on the oil yield, recovery of total oil and the composition and quality indices of the obtained oils. According to the method of extraction used, the recovery of oil varied from 63.6% to 93.4%, while the fatty acid composition was constant, with a predominance of linoleic and oleic acids (ca 71% and 16% of total fatty acids, respectively). Phytosterol contents varied from 2521 mg/kg to 2933 mg/kg, with the highest variation of cycloartenol content. Tocopherols were determined at the level of 122–133 mg/kg, with only two homologues identified (α- and γ-tocopherols). It was found that γ-homologue constituted at least 93% of the total fraction. Squalene was determined in the amount of 21.3–35.0 mg/kg. Oils extracted by the use of SFE also contained small amounts of phenolic acids (up to 2.58 mg/kg). Among the tested quality indices, acid value and induction time were mostly affected by the method of extraction.