Abstract
In this study, we propose a simulation method to investigate the scattering characteristics of beams with specific phase structures in waters containing micrometer-scale particles and bubbles. This method is based on the electric field Monte Carlo (EMC) algorithm and utilizes the Mie theory and ray tracing method. We simulate the propagation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams in a composite underwater channel using the proposed method and analyze the impact of bubble density on the spiral phase distribution of the OAM beams. We also design an underwater experiment in a water tank to simulate the propagation of OAM beams in the composite channel. The results reveal that the power of the desired mode of the OAM beam decreases as the bubble density increases, which is consistent with the simulation results. This method facilitates a realistic simulation of structured light beam propagation in waters containing particles and bubbles and can provide reference data for studying the scattering characteristics of structured beams in composite underwater channels.
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