Abstract
BackgroundTissue-engineering strategies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cell sheets have been widely used for periodontal tissue regeneration. However, given the complexity in periodontal structure, the regeneration methods using a single species of MSC could not fulfill the requirement for periodontal regeneration.MethodsWe researched the interaction between the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and jaw bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JBMMSCs), and constructed a composite cell sheet comprising both of the above MSCs to regenerate complex periodontium-like structures in nude mice.ResultsOur results show that by co-culturing PDLSCs and JBMMSCs, the expressions of bone and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and proteins were significantly improved in both MSCs. Further investigations showed that, compared to the cell sheet using PDLSCs or JBMMSCs, the composite stem cell sheet (CSCS), which comprises these two MSCs, expressed higher levels of bone- and ECM-related genes and proteins, and generated a composite structure more similar to the native periodontal tissue physiologically in vivo.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our results demonstrate that the crosstalk between PDLSCs and JBMMSCs in cell sheets facilitate regeneration of complex periodontium-like structures, providing a promising new strategy for physiological and functional regeneration of periodontal tissue.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0417-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Tissue-engineering strategies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cell sheets have been widely used for periodontal tissue regeneration
Considering the above research results, we have investigated the mutual effect of co-culturing the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and jaw bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JBMMSCs) for the generation of osteoblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM), based on which a novel cell sheet containing MSCs derived from two different tissue sources was constructed for the regeneration of periodontal tissue
HPDLSCs/hJBMMSCs both exhibited a characteristic pattern of mesenchymal surface markers, including CD90, CD105, CD29 and STRO-1, whereas the hematopoietic markers CD31, CD34 and CD45 were negative (Fig. 1g, n)
Summary
Tissue-engineering strategies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cell sheets have been widely used for periodontal tissue regeneration. Systematic studies have indicated that the use of PDLSCs or progenitor cells from other single tooth sources only regenerate the collagen fiber structure but cannot result in a functional periodontal ligament (PDL) [5, 6]. Whereas in the regeneration experiments for skin, cardiac muscle, and corneal/lens, researchers have activated the signal channels, including the mitigation of cell death, promotion of angiogenesis, and regulation of cellular functions through the interaction between the different stem cells, with satisfactory results having been obtained [12, 13]. The above research results suggest that the techniques based on the use of single cell types may not be able to meet the requirements for the regeneration of a complex structure such as periodontal tissue
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