Abstract
Composite materials have become synonymous with modernity, desired in nearly every aspect of our daily lives, from simple everyday objects to sanitary facilities, pipelines, the construction of modern sewer networks, their renovation, water supply, and storage reservoirs, to complex structures—automotive, planes, and space science. Composites have seen a considerable rise in attention owing to their characteristics, durability, strength, reduced energy usage during the manufacturing process, and decreased transportation costs. Composite materials consistently outperform steel, cast iron, and concrete in terms of CO2 emissions. Additionally, these materials have a long service life of about 150 years or more and are corrosion-resistant. Today, continued sustainable development is contingent upon access to safe drinking water and the availability of its resources and modes of conveyance. As a result, composite pipes have considerable potential due to their very low flow rate, which directly affects the prices of drinking water pumping and irrigation systems. However, there are also certain disadvantages associated with fibre-reinforced composites, such as easy surface damage, low heat resistance (up to 220 °C), long product forming time, and high cost of the material. Additionally, the product’s initial high durability and extended life cycle, coupled with high abrasion resistance, anisotropic strength, and stiffness in the final phase, prove to be unfavourable since composite material cannot be rapidly reintroduced into the manufacturing cycle. However, its disposal requires a negligible amount of energy. The article discusses the various composite materials available, their applications, and the potential for further developing their manufacturing technology toward nanocomposites and composites of natural origin that are readily biodegradable at the end of their service life; dubbed “green composites”. The study’s findings are unequivocal: this class of composite materials warrants further investigation in the future since they align perfectly with the concept of sustainable economic growth and Green Deal implementation.
Highlights
The tremendous industry growth beginning in the late nineteenth century resulted in almost permanent changes to our environment, which we are still experiencing more than a century later
European Commission has adopted a package of political and economic initiatives dubbed Green Deal Implementation with the overarching goal of achieving climate neutrality in Europe by 2050; it was assumed that by 2030, gas emissions would be reduced by 50%
Climate neutrality was planned to boost the economy via green technology, develop a sustainable industry and transportation, and offer nutritious food to people
Summary
The tremendous industry growth beginning in the late nineteenth century resulted in almost permanent changes to our environment, which we are still experiencing more than a century later. Processes 2021, 9, 2238 economy via green technology, develop a sustainable industry and transportation, and offer nutritious food to people To accomplish this goal, all sectors of the economy must take action, including: (I). The inherent of wood,technologies such as length and have been addressed the development oflimits contemporary such as thickness, cross laminated timber (CLT) It via is constructed by cross-glueing consecutive layers of such solidas. Composite materials reinforced with glass and carbon fibre have high durability, sometimes up to 150 years [18], and are resistant to degradation; on the other hand, there is a need for composite materials with a much shorter lifetime, e.g., 10, 15, or 25 years, for use in an internal vehicle or aeroplane equipment It is for these purposes that the so-called “short-life composite materials” are developed. They enhance the product’s mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. [19]
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