Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and condition of newborns in women with pneumonia (review)

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The aim is to study the complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of newborns in women with pneumonia based on the conducted analysis of scientific literature. The incidence of pneumonia and mortality rate due to its complications in pregnant women is higher than in non-pregnant women. This fact is associated with immune suppression during pregnancy, the presence of chronic diseases, nicotine intoxication and the emergence of new pathogens. The analysis of articles, systematic reviews of domestic and foreign authors indicates the inequality of the results and factors that influence the outcomes of pregnancy, childbirth and health of the newborns. Frequent complications of women pregnancy with acute respiratory diseases are: placental disorders (15.2-100%), preeclampsia (25%), oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios (20%). According to the literature analysis the incidence of spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages is from 13 to 42%, in the later stages is from 20 to 25%. Premature birth is diagnosed in 16-52.3% of pregnant women. The rate of pregnancy complications depends on the body mass index, the presence of anemia during pregnancy and the gestational period of pneumonia. During the analyzed data, we can say that the condition of the newborns will depend on the severity of pneumonia. The newborns of pneumonia-positive mothers have a high risk of low birth weight, intrauterine infection, and cerebral ischemia. Summarizing the published information on complications in pregnant women with pneumonia caused by COVID-19, it is impossible to draw a definitive conclusion. In a number of researches in pregnant women with pneumonia caused by COVID-19, spontaneous miscarriage was diagnosed in every third, premature birth in every fourth, of which 20.7% were diagnosed with premature rupture of membranes. Other studies do not confirm a high percentage of pregnancy complications, but a high risk of surgical delivery in this group of pregnant women is shown. The perinatal mortality rate in the researches reached 11.1%. In each research, the vertical transmission pathway was evaluated by taking amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, and a throat swab from a newborn. There is no evidence of COVID-19 vertical transmission in the sources. A review of the data shows the need for further research in this area.