Abstract
With the advent of antirretroviral drugs, the incidence of opportunistic infections has decreased, as has the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and lymphoma. SK is the most common neoplasm in patients infected with HIV. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the commonest lymphoma. Other associated lymphomas are Burkitt, primary cerebral and cavity lymphoma. These neoplasia are associated with viral infections such as Epstein-Barr or human herpesvirus-8. Like the aforementioned, the incidence of neoplasia associated with the human papilloma virus, such as cervical and anal canal cancer, is increasing in this population. In relation to the increase in life expectancy, inflammation and other factors such as an associated smoking habit, non-AIDS tumours are currently one of the principal causes of death in the HIV-infected population, and lung cancer is the commonest. Similarly, HIV-infected patients are at greater cardiovascular risk than those who are not HIV infected, and cognitive impairment associated with HIV is also relevant in this population.
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