Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which specific metabolic decompensations can occur; these are frequent in day-to-day medical care and entail a serious risk for the patient's health. The commonest acute metabolic complications are hypoglycemia and decompensated hyperglycemic crisis (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state). Given that these are potentially reversible complications, if an early diagnosis and appropriate targeted treatment are made, it is crucial that physician is able to recognize the most typical clinical manifestations, preventing consequences that can be very serious and even fatal.

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