Complex patterns in a space- and time-discrete predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response

Abstract

The spatial pattern formation of predator-prey systems is an important issue widely concerned. In this research, we address this issue by developing a new space- and time-discrete predator-prey model, with predation relationship described by Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. The discrete model is given by a coupled map lattice, taking a nonlinear relationship between predator-prey “reaction” stage and dispersal stage. Through analysis of Turing instability and Hopf instability for the discrete model, the parametric conditions for pattern formation are determined. Numerical simulations reveal a surprising variety of spatiotemporal patterns, including regular and irregular patterns of spots, stripes, labyrinth, gaps, mosaics, spirals, circles, and many intermediate patterns in-between. These patterns cover a majority of predator-prey pattern types recorded in literature. Besides, the discrete model predicts the occurrence of spatiotemporal chaos, which is responsible for the formation of irregular patterns. This research demonstrates that the nonlinear mechanisms of the discrete model better capture the complexity of pattern formation of predator-prey systems.