Complex Orbital Tumors: Can Endoscopy Expand the Indications of Surgery or Improves the Standard Technique?

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Introduction: Surgical approaches to orbital lesions represent challenging procedures that often require the combined effort of different specialists. Therefore, the preservation of function is a primary concern. To minimize the risk of injuring important neural and vascular structures in this area, surgical approaches must be available to provide 360 degrees of access to the orbit. In this background, the extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is reserved for lesions of the inferomedial quadrant of the orbit, the lateral micro-orbitotomy (LO) gives access to the lateral lesions while the supraorbital keyhole (SKA) or transconjunctival (TCJ) approach to the superolateral quadrant of the orbit.