Abstract

Relevance.A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, Broccoli was developed by hybridization from collard greens and is the genetic precursor to cauliflower. Broccoli andcauliflower have a valuable biochemical composition and are recommended for daily consumption.The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli and cauliflower) is given according tothe most important biochemical quality characteristics.Material and methods.The research material included 30 accessions of broccoli and 35 accessionsof cauliflower from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographical and genetic diversity.Accessions were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk LaboratoriesVIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry andmolecular biology VIR using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results.The characterization of Brassica oleracea L. species (broccoli and cauliflower) is givenaccording to the main most important biochemical quality characteristics. As a result of using of themodern gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of broccoli and cauliflower, about 136 components have been identified from thegroups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in theaccumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., bycultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques new data on the biochemical composition of broccoli and cauliflower were obtained. B.oleracea within the studied botanical varieties and cultivar types has a complex biochemical compositionthat characterizes them as accessions with potentially high value, which confirms the need for indepth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Accessions withthe optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used inbreeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation were found.

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