Complex behavior of the density in composite quantum systems

Abstract

In this paper, we study how the probability of presence of a particle is distributed between the two parts of a composite fermionic system. We uncover that the difference of probability depends on the energy in a striking way and show the pattern of this distribution. We discuss the main features of the latter and explain analytically those that we understand. In particular, we prove that it is a non-perturbative property and we find out a large/small coupling constant duality. We also find and study features that may connect our problem with certain aspects of non linear classical dynamics, like the existence of resonances and sensitive dependence on the state of the system. We show that the latter has indeed a similar origin than in classical mechanics: the appearance of small denominators in the perturbative series. Inspired by the proof of KAM theorem, we are able to deal with this problem by introducing a cut-off in energies that eliminates these small denominators. We also formulate some conjectures that we are not able to prove at present but can be supported by numerical experiments.