Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the two sister species, Scandinavian willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus and Icelandic rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta, were characterized using next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome for willow ptarmigan was 16,677 bp long, with base composition of 30.3% A, 30.8% C, 13.3% G and 25.6% T, with a GC content of 44.1%, while for rock ptarmigan mitogenome was 16,687 bp long, with base composition of 30.2% A, 30.6% C, 13.4% G and 25.8% T, and a GC content of 44.0%. Like other Galliformes species, the mitogenomes comprised of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA and 2 non-coding regions; and control region (D-loop). All genes except ND6 and 8 tRNA were encoded on the + strand. All protein-coding genes started with ATG, except for COX1, where a GTG codon was present in both willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan. Phylogenetic analysis of the two novel mitogenomes with other Galliformes species demonstrates close relationship within the Tetraoninae subfamily.
Highlights
The two sister ptarmigan species, willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus and rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta, belong to the genus Lagopus of the avian Tetraoninae subfamily, Phasianidae family of Galliformes
The distribution of the willow ptarmigan has an intermediate habitat preference, where it can be found in the open subalpine habitat as well as boreal forest and moorland across the Palearctic and Nearctic (Ho€glund et al 2013), while the rock ptarmigan is circumpolar Holarctic, in tundra and boreal climatic zones and mountain regions (Stenkewitz et al 2016)
The subfamily Tetraoninae consists of 6 genera and 15 species, of which four mitogenomes have been published: hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) (NC_020591) (Shen et al 2010), Chinese grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) (NC_025318), black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) (NC_024554.1) and rock ptarmigan (NC_034002.1) (Wang et al 2017)
Summary
The two sister ptarmigan species, willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus and rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta, belong to the genus Lagopus of the avian Tetraoninae subfamily, Phasianidae family of Galliformes. The subfamily Tetraoninae consists of 6 genera and 15 species, of which four mitogenomes have been published: hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) (NC_020591) (Shen et al 2010), Chinese grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) (NC_025318), black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) (NC_024554.1) and rock ptarmigan (NC_034002.1) (Wang et al 2017).
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