Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with distinct syndromes and diseases in swine, collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which include postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-associated pneumonia as a part of the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), PCV2-associated enteritis, PCV2-associated reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (1–3). PCV2-infection is widespread and essentially all pig herds are infected with PCV2. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), a member of the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae, is a very small single-stranded negative-sense DNA virus of approximately 1.7 kb (4). The genome of PCV2 encodes three major open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the replicase proteins (ORF1), the viral capsid protein (ORF2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (ORF3) (5). Previous reports showed that there were five PCV2 genotypes, including PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d, and PCV2e (6– 9). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Ukrainian PCV2 isolates from different regions of Ukraine.
Highlights
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was first recognized as a causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a multi-factorial disease in swine in Canada in 1991 (Harding and Clark, 1997)
PCV2 causes several clinical and pathological conditions in pigs including porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), reproductive failures, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia and congenital tremor (Darwich et al, 2004; Chae, 2005). These associated diseases and conditions linked to PCV2 are called porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD)
The Cap protein is the main structural and major immunogenic protein of PCV2, which is encoded by ORF2
Summary
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was first recognized as a causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a multi-factorial disease in swine in Canada in 1991 (Harding and Clark, 1997). ORF2 is commonly used for reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree similarity to the whole PCV2 genome study (Olvera et al, 2007) Several studies suggested that PCV2 could be divided into 2 major genotypes (Carman et al, 2006; Cheung et al, 2007; Ma et al, 2007; Takahagi et al, 2008; Kim et al, 2009). Both genotypes were proposed and referred to PCV2a (PCV2- genotype 2) and PCV2b (PCV2genotype 1). Uncontrolled, inappropriate and overabundant using of antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal drugs, absence of strong clinical protocols of there using, extensive applying of them in agriculture and animal husbandry, the
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