Abstract
In the past decade, it was observed that the relationship between the emerging New Molecular Entities and the quantum of R&D investment has not been favorable. There might be numerous reasons but few studies stress the introduction of target based drug discovery approach as one of the factors. Although a number of drugs have been developed with an emphasis on a single protein target, yet identification of valid target is complex. The approach focuses on an in vitro single target, which overlooks the complexity of cell and makes process of validation drug targets uncertain. Thus, it is imperative to search for alternatives rather than looking at success stories of target-based drug discovery. It would be beneficial if the drugs were developed to target multiple components. New approaches like reverse engineering and translational research need to take into account both system and target-based approach. This review evaluates the strengths and limitations of known drug discovery approaches and proposes alternative approaches for increasing efficiency against treatment.
Highlights
During the past decade, an increasing number of innovations based on Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Pharmacology, and Genetics have led to rise in innovative drugs
If we look at the number of new molecular entitiesentities (NMEs) succeeded between 1996 and 2004, the trend seems decreasing
Recent analysis of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved first-in-class small-molecule drugs between 1999 and 2008 suggested that phenotypic screening strategies have been more productive than target-based approaches [11,93]
Summary
An increasing number of innovations based on Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Pharmacology, and Genetics have led to rise in innovative drugs. A low number of submissions for NMEs (new molecular entities) by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry was observed [3]. Around 80% of attrition rate was observed in drug and development phase. Around 80% of attrition rate was observed in drug discovery phase. Market from discovery phase [4] The reasons for this decline were uncertain, but it was suspected that drug discovery approaches and development remains major factor [2,5,6]. Despite the fact that target based approach delivered a number of new drugs, it has not resulted in high success rate [11,12]. The purpose of this review is to investigate existing and new approaches towards drug discovery and improve pharma productivity
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