Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a critical cellular process and its dysregulation is associated with morbidity and death. Biogenesis and assembly of these complex molecular machines occurs in the nucleolus, a large, multi-compartment membrane-less organelle formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The protein Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a major constituent of the outer, granular component (GC) region of the nucleolus where it phase separates with ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and nucleolar proteins containing disordered Arginine-rich regions using its central intrinsically disordered region, and with ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) using its folded C-terminal nucleic acid binding domain.
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