Abstract
The training and roles of pharmacists around the world are undergoing drastic changes. In the hospital environment, pharmaceutical care services must incorporate hospital pharmacy management necessities, which must consider the constant technological and process innovations. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring how pharmacy residency programs real experiences in hospitals can improve these essential competencies. This scoping review allowed an overview of the pharmacy residency programs' competency framework's scientific production in the world. These documents review about training programs in the world showed that U.S. programs have teaching processes that evaluate resident's development to certify the program structure to qualify them. Australian and Canadian studies demonstrated advances in the search for pharmacy residents' qualifications with competency-based curricula. It highlighted that a structured and evidence-based approach to these programs' curricula is required and still has ample space in several countries to improve hospital pharmacists' training through residency programs. The most appropriate is that the programs are evaluated in terms of educational results by measuring residents' involvement by considering the course, tutors, and other program components.
Highlights
The residency programs have been training health professionals for a quality practical activity, as the medical residency, for almost a century
First called internships and approaches of some medical schools in the United States of America (USA), specialized medical practices were an option in the 1930s, but residency training became the norm over the following decades
The three American scientific articles, two experiences report, and one commentary described the resident training programs' improvements following the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) methodology, competence framework, and accreditation standards refer to the American residence system (Fruhling et al, 2019; Host et al, 2017; Starosta et al, 2017)
Summary
The residency programs have been training health professionals for a quality practical activity, as the medical residency, for almost a century. First called internships and approaches of some medical schools in the United States of America (USA), specialized medical practices were an option in the 1930s, but residency training became the norm over the following decades. Residencies drifted away from their original home in the medical school and university and moved into the world of hospitals, where residents became essential for the institutions’ functioning (Howell, 2016). Pharmacy residency programs started in the 1930s, where the first forms of training for pharmacists involved managing hospital pharmacies. The American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) considers that Harvey A. K. Whitney conducted the first nonacademic residency program at the University of Michigan Hospital (ASHP, 1987)
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