Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated and secreted by cells into the circulatory system. Stem cell-derived EVs have a therapeutic effect similar to that of stem cells and are considered an alternative method for cell therapy. Accordingly, research on the characteristics of EVs is emerging. EVs were isolated from human epidural fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human fibroblast culture media by ultracentrifugation. The characterization of EVs involved the typical evaluation of cluster of differentiation (CD antigens) marker expression by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, size analysis with dynamic laser scattering, and morphology analysis with transmission electron microscopy. Lastly, the secreted levels of cytokines and chemokines in EVs were determined by a cytokine assay. The isolated EVs had a typical size of approximately 30–200 nm, and the surface proteins CD9 and CD81 were expressed on human epidural fat MSCs and human fibroblast cells. The secreted levels of cytokines and chemokines were compared between human epidural fat MSC-derived EVs and human fibroblast-derived EVs. Human epidural fat MSC-derived EVs showed anti-inflammatory effects and promoted macrophage polarization. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that human epidural fat MSC-derived EVs exhibit inflammatory suppressive potency relative to human fibroblast-derived EVs, which may be useful for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Highlights
Human epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from epidural fat tissue obtained during spine surgery
Human epidural fat MSCs exhibit a spindle morphology that resembles that of human dermal fibroblasts (Figure 1A)
The epidural fat MSCs and dermal fibroblasts were attached to the bottom of the culture plates
Summary
EVs can be isolated from many biofluids These include saliva, breast milk, urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and cell culture media [3,4]. Studies using EVs report the possibility of using genetic and protein information contained within EVs as diagnostic tools for various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer [6,7,8]. Studies on therapeutic approaches and characterization using stem cell-derived EVs have been reported [9]. It is necessary to confirm and analyze the characteristics of isolated EVs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects on various diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects on various diseases These include inflammatory diseases, and related studies have been continuously reported [10]. Various studies have been reported on the characteristics and therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived
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