Comparison of wing–propeller interaction in tractor and pusher configuration

Abstract

This research compared a tractor and a pusher configuration for a tilt-body vertical take-off and landing micro air vehicle using an experiment in a subsonic wind tunnel. All tests were conducted in the range 6–10 m/s and 6000–8000 RPM of the freestream and the propeller rotation, respectively. The wing model was a rectangular platform with an NACA 0012 airfoil and AR = 1. The incidence angles varied within the range 0°–90° to cover flight configuration from cruise to hover and vice versa. Basically, the downstream of the propeller is stronger than the upstream. Thus the wing submerses in the propeller’s downstream, which is the tractor configuration, and has an advantage over the other configuration by increasing the freestream velocity and decreasing the angle of attack. The results of the experiment found that the wing aerodynamics of the tractor were improved by the prop-wash effect with increases of about 1–1.13 times in the wing lift curve slope and about 0.9–1.12 times in the factor K of the drag polar curve. However, in the case of the pusher, the change was not significant. The stall angle, the maximum lift coefficient, and the drag coefficient at zero angle of the wing all increased in both the tractor and the pusher configurations due to the prop-wash effect. Moreover, after experiencing the prop-wash effect, the aerodynamic center of the tractor wing was almost at the same point.