Abstract
Different methods for determining the effect of added sugars intake among children and adults on meeting recommended nutrient intakes were compared using 24 h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Four methods were used to determine deciles of added sugars intake (as the percentage of total calories): 1 day intake, 2 day average intake, and individual usual intake (UI) determined with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the multivariate Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Percentages of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for calcium and vitamin D/above the Adequate Intake (AI) for potassium and dietary fiber for each decile of added sugars intake were assessed with the NCI method. Using regression analyses, added sugars intake deciles (by any method) in children were inversely associated (p < 0.001) with percentages below the EAR/above the AI of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and fiber. In adults, added sugars intake deciles were inversely associated with meeting recommendations for vitamin D, potassium, and fiber. There were no significant between-method differences for regression coefficients for any nutrients investigated. Overall, these methods showed a similar association of added sugars intake with nutrient inadequacy/adequacy; therefore, method preference may depend more on practical reasons.
Highlights
Nutrition and health surveys play an important role in assessing and monitoring dietary patterns and trends, assist in the analysis of dietary factors related to disease risk, and provide background data for informing nutrition policy
Written informed consent was obtained from all participants directly or through parental/guardian proxies, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) protocol was approved by the National Center for HealthStatistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board
Median intake of added sugars for children was 13.5% kcal based on 1 day intake, 13.0% kcal based on 2 day average intake, 14.2% kcal based on the usual intake (UI)/National Cancer Institute (NCI) method, and 13.8% kcal based on the UI/Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method
Summary
Nutrition and health surveys play an important role in assessing and monitoring dietary patterns and trends, assist in the analysis of dietary factors related to disease risk, and provide background data for informing nutrition policy. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is designed to monitor the health and nutritional status of the U.S population. NHANES data are used to determine the prevalence of diseases and their risk factors, assess nutritional status and its association with health promotion and disease prevention, and assist with formulation of national standards and public health policy [1]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health. Demographic and basic health information data are collected via an in-home interview, and participants complete a comprehensive diet and health examination at a Mobile Examination Center. Dietary intake information is collected via the Automated Multiple-Pass
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