Abstract
Background: Tillage is done to prepare land for wetland paddy farming, and it is commonly done by hand tractor. The purposes of this study were to identify the levels of ownership of hand tractor by paddy farmers, to describe the rental of hand tractor in rural areas, to calculate and compare the tillage costs on eight paddy farm regions, and to understand the utilization of farm machinery for paddy farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods: The study areas were Subcities/Subregencies of North Bontang, South Bontang, Muara Muntai, Loa Janan, Tenggarong Seberang, Waru, Penajam, and Babulu. Data collection was done by interviewing 380 respondents. Analysis of data used descriptive statistics, the Chi Square One Sample test, and One Way Anova. Results: The number of hand tractor renters (87.37%) in East Kalimantan 2014 was bigger than that of hand tractor owners (12.63%). The tillage costs in Tenggarong Seberang, Loa Janan, and Muara Muntai in 2014 were USD48.56 ha -1, USD52.03 ha -1, and USD48.56 ha -1, respectively. Tillage costs were the same in Babulu, Penajam, Waru, South Bontang, and North Bontang (USD69.37 ha -1 in each regency). Conclusions: There are very significant differences the number of hand tractor owners, the number of hand tractor renters, and the tillage costs among some regions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Farm machinery is needed in development of paddy farming.
Highlights
Tillage is done to prepare land for wetland paddy farming, and it is commonly done by hand tractor
Study area This study was held from November 2013 to April 2014 in Province of East Kalimantan, Republic of Indonesia
We observed that the most of paddy farmers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are typically male (95.53%), married (93.42%), 4–6 members in their household (52.63%), and are Javanese (93.16%), have 1–2 ha paddy farm size (58.95%), handtractor renter (87.37%), buying price of handtractor between USD1.001,00 – USD1.500,00 unit-1 (7.63%), and rent cost of handtractor between USD51.00 – USD100.00 (33.42%) (Table 1 and Underlying data)
Summary
Study area This study was held from November 2013 to April 2014 in Province of East Kalimantan, Republic of Indonesia. Based on data of the number of paddy household each region (Statistics East Kalimantan, 2009) multiplied by the total sample divided by total paddy household in eight regions, it was known the sample size in North Bontang (24; 1), South Bontang (120; 2), Muara Muntai (206; 4), Loa Janan (1,002; 17), Tenggarong Seberang (7,388; 128), Waru (908; 16), Penajam (4,829; 84), and Babulu (7,343; 128). The researchers and enumerators went to paddy field and met with potential respondents in person, provided information on the purposes of study and the right of them to not answer the questions at any time and assured that the data would be kept confidential and only aggregate data would be used After they gave the consent to be interviewed, they were given the choice to decide the place for the interviews using the questionnaire (Karmini, 2018), either at home or other places which were convenient for them. The exchange rate of 1 USD was 14,415.25 IDR on 28 March 2021
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