Abstract
Background: Tillage is done to prepare land for wetland paddy farming, and it is commonly done by hand tractor. The purposes of this study were to identify the levels of ownership of hand tractor by paddy farmers, to describe the rental of hand tractor in rural areas, to calculate and compare the tillage costs on eight paddy farm regions, and to understand the utilization of farm machinery for paddy farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods: The study areas were Subcities/Subdistricts of North Bontang, South Bontang, Muara Muntai, Loa Janan, Tenggarong Seberang, Waru, Penajam, and Babulu. Data collection was done by interviewing 380 respondents. Analysis of data used the Chi Square test. Results: The number of hand tractor renters (87.37%) in East Kalimantan 2014 was bigger than that of hand tractor owners (12.63%). The tillage costs in Tenggarong Seberang, Loa Janan, and Muara Muntai in 2014 were IDR700,000.00 ha-1, IDR750,000.00 ha-1, and IDR700,000.00 ha-1, respectively. Tillage costs were the same in Babulu, Penajam, Waru, South Bontang, and North Bontang (IDR1,000,000.00 ha-1 in each district). Conclusions: There are significant differences the number of hand tractor owners, the number of hand tractor renters, and the tillage costs among the eight paddy farm regions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Highlights
Wetland paddy farming in East Kalimantan is a method of modern farming in which paddy farmers commonly by using hand tractor in land preparation
The purposes of this study were to identify the ownership of hand tractor by paddy farmers, to describe the rental of hand tractors in rural areas, to calculate and compare the tillage costs on eight paddy farm regions, and to know the machinery utilization for paddy farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
We observed that paddy farmers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are typically male, married, 3–4 members in their household, and are Javanese
Summary
Wetland paddy farming in East Kalimantan is a method of modern farming in which paddy farmers commonly by using hand tractor in land preparation. The increase of tillage cost leads the increase of production cost of paddy farming and the decrease of paddy farm income and household income of paddy farmers. The purposes of this study were to identify the ownership of hand tractor by paddy farmers, to describe the rental of hand tractors in rural areas, to calculate and compare the tillage costs on eight paddy farm regions, and to know the machinery utilization for paddy farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The hypotheses of this study were that there are no significant differences the number of hand tractor owners, the number of hand tractor renters, and the tillage costs among the eight paddy farm regions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
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