Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare three commonly used hysterosalpingogram (HSG) injection devices, the acorn cannula, the balloon catheter, and the cervical cup vacuum cannula, on the patient pain scores during and after HSG, HSG image quality, amount of contrast used, and total fluoroscopic and procedure time. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HSGs were performed by 4 reproductive endocrinologists (REs). A sample size of 100 was calculated to have 81% power to detect a 20% difference in visual analog scores (VAS), to measure pain perception. Cannula type was assigned by stratified blocked randomization. VAS, amount of contrast used, procedure and fluoroscopic time and HSG image quality scores were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis, ANOVA and Fishers exact tests. RESULTS: 114 patients were enrolled. 90 patients were included in analysis with 32 patients in the acorn cannula group, 31 in the balloon catheter group, and 27 in the cervical cup vacuum cannula group. Median VAS, fluoroscopic time and amount of contrast used were not statistically significant between the groups. Median procedure time was statistically significant (p=0.0413). Median time for the acorn cannula was 2 minutes, while median time the balloon catheter & vacuum cup groups were 3 minutes. Modeled separately RE (p=0.0155) and cannula type (p=0.0421) were significant predictors of image quality score. Modeled together, RE remained significant (p=0.019) but cannula type was not (p=0.053). ANOVA analysis of the image quality score excluding of total number of images taken showed no difference in RE (p=0.217). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the groups in pain scores, fluoroscopic time, and contrast used. There is a statistical difference between HSG catheters in procedural time with the acorn cannula requiring the shortest time. Image quality did not vary between technical operators or cannula type, but depended more on the number of images obtained at the time of the HSG.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
