Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of the efficiency of energy storage and energy curtailment as an addition to the allocation of renewable energy in the distribution system in order to minimize development costs using a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP). Energy sources and energy storages are selected, sized and allocated under operational circumstances such as grid congestions and weather conditions. Loads and power units are modeled by daily consumption and generation profiles respectively, to reflect the intermittent character of renewable generation and consumption of energy. The optimization is carried out for a one-year time horizon using twenty-four representative days. The method is verified on three main simulation scenarios and three sub-scenarios for each of them, allowing for the comparison of the efficiency of each used tool. The main scenarios differ in their share of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) in total consumption. In the sub-scenarios, different tools (RES sizing and allocation, energy storages (ES) sizing and allocation and energy curtailment) are used. The results of this research confirm that energy curtailment is a more efficient additional tool for RES sizing and allocation than energy storages. This method can find practical application for Distribution System Operators in elaborating grid development strategies.
Highlights
Under the increasing installed power of renewable energy sources (RES), the purpose of distribution grids is shifting from passive energy delivery only, to energy delivery and energy production, increasing the role and imposing new duties for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) [1].One of these duties imposes an obligation on DSOs for the elaboration of development plans, which is a key measure for increasing distribution systems’ capacity host for increasing RES penetration.Presently, the location of the renewable connection with the distribution network relates to local weather conditions or mounting capabilities
This operation consists of choosing the type of renewable energy sources, the number of sources from a given power series and the node in which the units are to be built
The allocation and sizing of energy storage allows for their distribution in the network and the selection of capacity, which will allow them to support RES at times when their generation exceeds the total demand in the system
Summary
Under the increasing installed power of renewable energy sources (RES), the purpose of distribution grids is shifting from passive energy delivery only, to energy delivery and energy production, increasing the role and imposing new duties for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) [1]. Energies 2020, 13, 3746 industrial loads, which are often distant from residential areas This power flow inflicts additional losses, because energy is lost twice: In the evening, due to increased demand, and midday, because of PV generation. This leads to grid infrastructure overdevelopment and stranded cost problems for DSOs and power balancing issues for Transmission System Operators (TSO) and utilities which, even face the problem of dynamic load changes (residual load curve variation) resulting in increased re-dispatching costs and reduced power system reliability [1]. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for further research and Appendix A which displayed capacity structure for each scenario
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