Comparison of the Use of Discourse Markers in English Speeches between Non-Native and Native Speakers of English

Widhiyanto Widhiyanto,Dwi Rukmini,Eva Yulita

doi:10.15294/eej.v11i1.42801

Abstract

This study revealed the comparison of the use of discourse markers in English speeches between non-native and native speakers of English. The study focused on the types of discourse markers, the similarities and the differences between non-native and native speakers in using discourse markers. This study employed a qualitative research design with the data from the spoken discourse. The findings of the study showed that there were ten sub-categories of discourse markers that are practiced by non-native speakers, namely: assessment marker, manner of a speaking marker, evidential markers, hearsay markers, contrastive discourse markers, elaborative discourse markers, inferential discourse markers, discourse management markers, topic orientation markers, and attention markers. On the contrary, there were nine sub-categories of discourse markers that existed in English speeches, especially delivered by the native speakers such as assessment marker, manner of a speaking marker, evidential markers, hearsay markers, contrastive discourse markers, elaborative discourse markers, inferential discourse markers, topic orientation markers, and attention markers. The total of discourse markers produced by the non-native speakers was 301 utterances while native speakers of English were 269 utterances. Therefore, it is concluded that discourse markers were useful in English speeches either by non-native speakers or native speakers

Highlights

In communication, discourse markers are important things to convey the messages of the utterances
In analyzing the data, started from some steps 1) transcribing the videos: in this step, transcribed all the videos related to the English speeches expressed by non-native and native speakers, 2) identifying the data: it referred to identify the verbal discourse markers based on the linguistics expression that exist in the utterances, 3) categorizing the data: this step concerned with dividing discourse markers into some categories based on Fraser’s theory (Fraser, 2009), 4) calculating the data: it meant that counting the total of discourse markers existed in the English speeches, and 5) interpreting the data: it refers to the interpretation of the data based on the findings
Discourse Markers Used by Non-native Speakers in English speeches

Summary

Introduction

Discourse markers are important things to convey the messages of the utterances. Dscourse markers dealt with the connective words in the utterances. Discourse markers refer to the element of language that use to bracket unit of talks (Schiffrin, 1987). In the case of discourse markers, there are some words or phrases that included in discourse markers such as and, but, so, I mean, you know, in summary, as a result, anyway, etc. Those markers implied different functions of the utterances. They refer to the depending on the context of the utterances

Methods

Results

Conclusion