Abstract
Surgical access for ovariohysterectomy in bitches through the right lateral abdominal wall with an incision in its upper third in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast is proposed. The article presents the results of studies obtained when used for the purpose of ovariohysterectomy in bitches of operative access through the right lateral and ventral abdominal wall. Research work was conducted on healthy mature bitches. The operations were performed in the area of the right lateral abdominal wall and in the umbilical region. On the lateral abdominal wall, an oblique-vertical incision was used at the border of the inguinal and iliac areas in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast. The ventral abdominal wall was cut along the white line. It was found that when performing ovariohysterectomy in bitches using the proposed surgical access through the right lateral abdominal wall with a smaller wound size (P < 0.05), the duration of the operation and the healing period correspond to those when using median laparotomy. It is proved that operative access with oblique-vertical incision in the area of the right lateral abdominal wall at the border of the groin and anus during ovariohysterectomy in bitches provides favorable opportunities for surgical reception and closure of the surgical wound. The number of surgical sutures for sutures on the abdominal wall is less than in the case of ventral access (P < 0.01). It is also noted that in ovariohysterectomy in bitches, operative access through the right lateral abdominal wall with an incision in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast may be recommended as an alternative access through the white line of the abdomen.
Highlights
Bitches are most often castrated to prevent unwanted pregnancies as well as changes in heat-related behavior (Smith & Séguin, 2012)
The cervix lies a few centimeters in front of the anterior border of the pubis and together with the body of the uterus have a length of 4–7 cm (Bencharif et al, 2010). This means that the farther from this level the incision is made, the more difficult it is to perform surgery on the uterus (Fig. 1). To eliminate these shortcomings associated with lateral access in ovariohysterectomy in bitches, we proposed an oblique vertical incision in the upper third of the right lateral abdominal wall in the direction from the anterior edge of the macula to the fourth nipple of the corresponding side of the breast (Fig. 1, III)
When performing ovariohysterectomy in bitches using median laparotomy, the skin incision was started at a distance of 2 cm from the navel and continued caudally for a length of about 4 cm, after which it was increased cranially or caudally during surgery
Summary
Bitches are most often castrated to prevent unwanted pregnancies as well as changes in heat-related behavior (Smith & Séguin, 2012). Epidemiologists and parasitologists are interested in controlling the dog population because they can be a source of more than sixty zoonotic diseases (Kutzler & Wood, 2006; Rhindali et al, 2006). Pre-intestinal parasites in dogs pose a serious threat to human health (Zanzani et al, 2014). Castration can be performed using ovarioectomy or ovariohysterectomy. Ovariohysterectomy is the most common abdominal surgery in bitches (Howe, 2006). Ovariohysterectomy minimizes the symptoms associated with diabetes (Pöppl et al, 2013)
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