Comparison of the Effects of Teaching Presence and Social Presence on Learning Outcomes According to the Types of Liberal Arts Classes

Abstract

This study attempted to measure whether there is a difference in the impact of teaching presence and social presence on learning outcomes in university liberal arts classes according to online and offline class types. In addition, based on the differences found according to class type, this study attempted to propose a plan to improve online classes. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 422 students who took the class ‘Anthropology Ⅱ’. The results were as follows. </br>First, there was a difference in the average of teaching presence and social presence according to the type of class, but no difference in learning outcomes. Second, the correlation between all variables was statistically significant in both online and offline classes, and both variables showed a high positive correlation. Thirdly, this study found that the types of presence that affected learning outcomes differed according to the type of class. The influence of teaching presence in online classes and social presence in offline classes on learning outcomes was relatively high. Based on the research findings, this study suggests some pedagogical implications that can promote a sense of teaching presence and social presence when running liberal arts classes online.