Abstract
A technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant is performed. The investigated technologies are the oxyfuel process, the chilled ammonia process, membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and the calcium looping process with tail-end and integrated configurations. For comparison, absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is used as reference technology. The focus of the evaluation is on emission abatement, energy performance, and retrofitability. All the investigated technologies perform better than the reference both in terms of emission abatement and energy consumption. The equivalent CO2 avoided are 73–90%, while it is 64% for MEA, considering the average EU-28 electricity mix. The specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided is 1.63–4.07 MJ/kg CO2, compared to 7.08 MJ/kg CO2 for MEA. The calcium looping technologies have the highest emission abatement potential, while the oxyfuel process has the best energy performance. When it comes to retrofitability, the post-combustion technologies show significant advantages compared to the oxyfuel and to the integrated calcium looping technologies. Furthermore, the performance of the individual technologies shows strong dependencies on site-specific and plant-specific factors. Therefore, rather than identifying one single best technology, it is emphasized that CO2 capture in the cement industry should be performed with a portfolio of capture technologies, where the preferred choice for each specific plant depends on local factors.
Highlights
Production of cement is estimated to account for around 7% of global CO2 emissions (2018) [1].The cement industry can reduce its specific CO2 emissions through a variety of different techniques, such as increased energy efficiency, utilization of alternative fuels, application of alternative raw materials, and reduction of the clinker to cement ratio
This paper presents a consistent technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies for retrofit in the cement industry
This indicator differs from the CO2 capture ratio (CCR), because CO2 captured from additional fuel combustion internally in the capture process is not counted as CO2 avoided
Summary
Production of cement is estimated to account for around 7% of global CO2 emissions (2018) [1]. The cement industry can reduce its specific CO2 emissions through a variety of different techniques, such as increased energy efficiency, utilization of alternative fuels, application of alternative raw materials, and reduction of the clinker to cement ratio. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) can significantly reduce both the process related and fuel related emissions It is identified as the single measure that has the largest potential for further overall emission reductions in the cement industry [1,2]. This paper presents a consistent technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies for retrofit in the cement industry. An essential element in responding to this objective has been to perform a comprehensive techno-economic comparative assessment of CO2 capture, which can be used as a decision basis for future evaluations of CO2 capture implementation at cement plants. An extraction of this work is presented as a paper series, where the technical evaluation presented in the current paper forms Part 1, and an economic analysis forms Part 2
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