Abstract
The combination of additive manufacturing and conventional metal forming processes provides the possibility for improvements of forming efficiency and flexibility. Substrate preheating is an implementable technique to improve the interface adhesion properties of the hybrid forming method. The present experiment investigates the adhesion of additive manufactured 316 L steel on P20 and 1045 steel substrates under two substrate temperatures, and the geometrical characterization, interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the hybrid specimens were compared. As a result, it was found that the ratio of deposition height to the width was reduced and the width was increased under substrate preheating. Tensile results show that the ultimate strength of 1045 and 316 L hybrid specimens was obviously increased, while the properties of hybrid specimens P20 and 316 L were similar, under different substrate temperature conditions. For the hybrid specimens with the metallurgically bonding characteristic, the tensile properties can reach the level of 316 L depositioned specimens fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD). Furthermore, substrate preheating had little effect on the microstructure of the laser metal deposition zone, and significant influence on the microstructure of the heat affected zone, which was reflected in the difference of the hardness distribution.
Highlights
In order to improve the building efficiency of current forming technology, integrating additive manufacturing with conventional manufacturing processes is an economical way to fabricate large-scaled structures with local precision parts [1]
Some functional structures can be manufactured by building multilayer sections with laser metal deposition (LMD) on existing substrates using precision casting or wrought
This includes using a mold with conformal cooling channels [2,3], component repairing [4], and surface strengthening [5,6]. This hybrid manufacturing process has been thoroughly discussed for titanium alloy [7] and steel [8]
Summary
In order to improve the building efficiency of current forming technology, integrating additive manufacturing with conventional manufacturing (metal forming) processes is an economical way to fabricate large-scaled structures with local precision parts [1]. Some functional structures can be manufactured by building multilayer sections with laser metal deposition (LMD) on existing substrates using precision casting or wrought. This includes using a mold with conformal cooling channels [2,3], component repairing [4], and surface strengthening [5,6]. The LMD process offers the capability of depositing diverse material, such as interlayer materials [9] and functionally gradient materials [10,11] This characteristic can be utilized to build dense deposition layers on existing substrate without cracks. Sun et al formed an AISI 4340 steel coating on an AISI 4140 steel substrate [14]
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