Abstract
The susceptibility of soybean genotype to Agrobacterium infection is a key factor for the high level of genetic transformation efficiency. The objective of this study is to evaluate the plant factors related to transformation in cotyledonary nodes during the Agrobacterium infection process. This study selected three genotypes (Williams 82, Shennong 9 and Bert) with high transformation efficiency, which presented better susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection, and three low transformation efficiency genotypes (General, Liaodou 16 and Kottman), which showed a relatively weak susceptibility. Gibberellin (GA) levels and soybean GA20ox2 and CYP707A2 transcripts of high-efficiency genotypes increased and were higher than those of low-efficiency genotypes; however, the opposite performance was shown in abscisic acid (ABA). Higher zeatin riboside (ZR) content and DNA quantity, and relatively higher expression of soybean IPT5, CYCD3 and CYCA3 were obtained in high-efficiency genotypes. High-efficiency genotypes had low methyl jasmonate (MeJA) content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity, and relatively lower expression of soybean OPR3, PPO1 and PRX71. GA and ZR were positive plant factors for Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation by facilitating germination and growth, and increasing the number of cells in DNA synthesis cycle, respectively; MeJA, PPO, POD and ABA were negative plant factors by inducing defence reactions and repressing germination and growth, respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionGenetically modified soybean has continued to be the predominant commercialized biotech crop, reaching 75.4 million hectares (almost 50% of the total worldwide biotech crop area) in 2011 [1]
Over the past decade, genetically modified soybean has continued to be the predominant commercialized biotech crop, reaching 75.4 million hectares in 2011 [1]
High-efficiency transgenic soybean methodologies still need to be developed for many elite soybean lines which are insusceptible to Agrobacterium infection [4,5]
Summary
Genetically modified soybean has continued to be the predominant commercialized biotech crop, reaching 75.4 million hectares (almost 50% of the total worldwide biotech crop area) in 2011 [1]. To generate a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic soybean line, foreign genes (contained within T-DNA) are delivered from Agrobacterium into plant host cells and eventually integrated into the host genome. This infection process is a very critical early step of the whole transformation process beginning with recognition of plant signals by Agrobacterium, followed by Agrobacterium attachment to the wounded plant tissue and the survival of imported T-DNA from the host defense system [7]. Multiple studies have identified a set of plant proteins and genes which involve T-DNA import, transport and integration into the plant genome [14,15,16,17,18]. Great success has been achieved in characterization of plant factors affecting the Agrobacterium infection process, more efforts are required to investigate details on the delicate plant cellular response during
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