Abstract
We evaluated biochemical analysis results with the aim of discovering serum levels that have possible effects and differences on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DRP).
 A retrospective case-control study was conducted between January 2017 and January 2018 on a total of 114 patients (84 DRP, 30 AMD) and 24 age and sex-matched control individuals. Four groups were created; 52 patients with proliferative DRP (PDR), 32 patients with nonproliferative PDR (non-PDR), 30 patients with wet AMD and 24 control individuals. Serum biochemical (HbA1C, fasting glucose, AST, ALT, C-reactive protein, albumin, total protein, uric acid, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, Na, K, urine albumin) and complete blood count (CBC) analyses were performed at the time of diagnosis. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed using SPSS to analyse data (Version 22.0).
 The mean age of patients was 63.3 years ± 6.4 (49-91year), and that of control individuals was 65.3 years ± 9.3 (50-88 year). Post hoc analysis showed statistically significant differences in HbA1c and fasting glucose levels among PDR-AMD, PDR-control, non-PDR-AMD, and non-PDR-control groups (whole, P
Highlights
Diabetes is a life-threatening chronic disease with microvascular and macrovascular complications leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and an estimated 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2035 (Guariguata et al, 2014)
The study group consisted of patients who are screened in the department of retina for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
The control group were recruited from employees of the our hospital, their relatives and who were without any signs of AMD, Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) our ophthalmology department out of patients
Summary
Diabetes is a life-threatening chronic disease with microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and an estimated 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2035 (Guariguata et al, 2014). Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. These, in turn, can lead to retinal ischemia secondary to vaso occlusion and DRP by damaging the microvascular structure of the retina (Sivaprasad et al, 2012; Stewart, 2010). DRP is the leading cause of preventable blindness in all age groups, and a significant burden on health care (Stewart, 2010). Diabetes mellitus can be kept under control with strict diet control and lifestyle changes; in this manner, DRP development can thereby be prevented (Asif, 2014)
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