Abstract
BackgroundThe relationship of saliva with plasma protein levels makes saliva an attractive diagnostic tool. Plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in healthy individuals or diabetes mellitus patients have been previously reported. Nevertheless, salivary levels of these adipocytokines in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have never been investigated. This study was aimed to determine adiponectin and leptin levels in saliva and plasma from patients with metabolic syndrome, and evaluate any correlation of these levels with MS.MethodsForty-six healthy and 82 MS patients were enrolled. Demographic data and blood biochemistries were recorded. Saliva and plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAdiponectin and leptin were higher in plasma than in saliva (p < .001). Plasma adiponectin was decreased and plasma leptin increased in patients with MS (p < .001). Salivary adiponectin and salivary leptin were not different between healthy subjects and MS patients (p = .619 and p = .523). Correlation between salivary and plasma adiponectin showed significant association (r = .211, p = .018) while salivary and plasma leptin had no correlation (r = -.161, p = .069). Significant correlation was observed between the salivary adiponectin/salivary leptin ratio and plasma adiponectin (r = .371, p < .001), but not with any component of MS. Increased triglyceride and waist circumference were associated with risk of having a low level of plasma adiponectin (OR = 1.009; 95% CI 1.002–1.015 and OR = 1.125; 95% CI 1.029–1.230). For leptin, body mass index and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with a high level of plasma leptin (OR = 1.621; 95% CI 1.212–2.168 and OR = .966; 95% CI .938–.996). The OR for MS as predicted by plasma adiponectin was .928 (95% CI .881-.977).ConclusionsThis study showed that salivary adiponectin and leptin do not correlate with MS. Although correlation between salivary and plasma adiponectin was observed, no association with MS was observed. Only plasma adiponectin may be useful for the prediction of MS.
Highlights
The relationship of saliva with plasma protein levels makes saliva an attractive diagnostic tool
The levels of salivary adiponectin and leptin were in identical ranges to those found in previous studies that measured the levels in healthy subjects or in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients [13,14]
Owing to the correlation of plasma adiponectin and leptin with metabolic syndrome (MS) components, this study found that plasma adiponectin and plasma leptin had distinct correlations with TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and waist circumference
Summary
The relationship of saliva with plasma protein levels makes saliva an attractive diagnostic tool. Plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in healthy individuals or diabetes mellitus patients have been previously reported. Salivary levels of these adipocytokines in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have never been investigated. This study was aimed to determine adiponectin and leptin levels in saliva and plasma from patients with metabolic syndrome, and evaluate any correlation of these levels with MS. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a disease that poses significant risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is indicated by the presence of three or more of the following components: abdominal obesity, raised fasting glucose, dyslipidemia (raised triglyceride (TG) with lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)), and raised hypertension. Adiponectin and leptin levels show an inverse correlation with each other [10]
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