Abstract
Background: Studies on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) pneumonia generally compare risk factors for RSV against non-viral cases. Objective: To study risk factors for RSV pneumonia compared to other viruses, in a developing country. Methods: We enrolled 584 children (1mo-5y) with pneumonia (WHO IMCI definition). Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were examined for respiratory viruses by PCR. Demographic features, clinical features, and risk factors were evaluated among children with RSV, other viruses and no virus. Results: Viruses recovered were RSV (150), Rhinovirus (102), Parainfluenza (36), human MPV (34), Bocavirus (7), Influenza (4), Adenovirus (1) and Combinations (9). There were no significant differences between RSV, other virus (193) and non-virus (241) cases in terms of demographic, or presenting symptoms. However, duration of symptoms was almost 1 day less among RSV cases. Retractions and crackles were less frequent among RSV cases. Among 7 risk factors, exposure to tobacco smoke increased odds of RSV infection compared to other viruses (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.85, 4.49) or no virus (OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.05, 4.79). Cases with other viruses were comparable to non virus cases (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.73, 1.61). None of the other risk factors showed any differences Conclusion: Exposure to tobacco smoke significantly increases risk of RSV pneumonia compared to other respiratory viruses and non-viral pneumonia.
Published Version
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