Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are proposed for reinforcement of the hydroxyapatite coatings to improve their adhesion, resistance to mechanical loads, biocompatibility, bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial protection. So far, research has shown that all these properties are highly susceptible to the composition and microstructure of coatings. The present research is aimed at studies of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in three different combinations: multi-wall carbon nanotubes layer, bilayer coating composed of multi-wall carbon nanotubes deposited on nanohydroxyapatite deposit, and hybrid coating comprised of simultaneously deposited nanohydroxyapatite, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, nanosilver, and nanocopper. The electrophoretic deposition method was applied for the fabrication of the coatings. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray electron diffraction spectroscopy, and measurements of water contact angle were applied to study the chemical and phase composition, roughness, adhesion strength and wettability of the coatings. The results show that the pure multi-wall carbon nanotubes layer possesses the best adhesion strength, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Such behavior may be attributed to the applied deposition method, resulting in the high hardness of the coating and high adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the substrate. On the other hand, bilayer coating, and hybrid coating demonstrated insufficient properties, which could be the reason for the presence of soft porous hydroxyapatite and some agglomerates of nanometals in prepared coatings.
Highlights
IntroductionCarbon nanotube coatings (CNTs) demonstrate unique mechanical and biological properties
Carbon nanotube coatings (CNTs) demonstrate unique mechanical and biological properties.Thanks to this, they are increasingly applied in medicine and diagnostics, including tissue engineering [1,2]
The addition nanosilver to the composite coating further decreases to the change inofthe particle and nanocopper to the composite coating further decreases adhesion, presumably due to the change size of nanometals caused by agglomeration in the bath. These results demonstrate that adhesion in the particle size of nanometals caused by agglomeration in the bath
Summary
Carbon nanotube coatings (CNTs) demonstrate unique mechanical and biological properties. Thanks to this, they are increasingly applied in medicine and diagnostics, including tissue engineering [1,2]. They are increasingly applied in medicine and diagnostics, including tissue engineering [1,2] These two-dimensional carbon structures are used, among others, to functionalize materials designed for implants, where CNTs can support osseointegration [3,4]. Several studies evaluated the body’s reaction in the presence of carbon nanotubes, demonstrating a high vitality of osteoblasts compared to the pure titanium substrate [14,15,16,19]. The ceramic coating consisting of multiple functionalized CNTs with carboxyl
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